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Materials

Graphene

GRAF-een

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Graphene is a single, atom-thick sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice, the basic structural unit that stacked layers of graphite are built from. Isolated as a stable, freestanding material for the first time in 2004, it is the strongest material ever measured relative to its weight, an excellent conductor of heat and electricity, and the subject of intensive research toward flexible electronics, composites and energy storage, though large-scale, defect-free production remains a barrier to widespread industrial use.

Facts
Primary Use
Research and early-stage application in flexible and transparent electronics, composite reinforcement and energy storage electrodes; large-scale structural or electronic use remains mostly experimental as of the mid-2020s. 1
Origin Year
2004 1
Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov isolated graphene at the University of Manchester in 2004, work recognized by the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Carbon Fiber, Materials

Both are advanced carbon-based materials prized for extreme strength-to-weight performance.

Nanotechnology, Fields

Graphene is a single atomic layer material studied and engineered at the nanoscale.

In Field

Sources
1. A History of Technology
Charles Singer, E. J. Holmyard, A. R. Hall and Trevor I. Williams, editors, Oxford University Press, 1954

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